The coordinated development of education and economy is a core issue in macro social progress, while the complementarity between economic and teaching activities within educational institutions constitutes a key proposition in micro management. Adopting a mixed-methods research approach that integrates systematic literature review, case study, and SWOT analysis, this paper takes Chinese educational institutions as the specific research object to systematically explore the theoretical connotation, practical manifestations, and influencing mechanisms of their complementarity. The study finds that the principle of complementarity can realize the synergistic optimization of resource allocation and talent training goals in educational institutions: economic activities provide stable resource support for teaching practice, and teaching achievements in turn feed back economic resources through reputation accumulation and social value transformation. Five optimization strategies are proposed: establishing a "teaching-oriented" financial philosophy, constructing an inter-departmental coordination mechanism, applying digital management tools, deepening the integration of production, education, and research, and improving a full-process supervision and feedback system. This research not only enriches the application dimension of complementarity theory in the field of educational management but also provides operable paths for educational institutions to improve management efficiency and achieve a win-win situation between educational quality and economic benefits.