Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
##common.pageHeaderLogo.altText##

Research Article

Vol. 1 No. 3 (2025): International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research

Research Progress on Carbon Emissions

DOI
https://doi.org/10.65231/ijmr.v1i3.93
Submitted
December 10, 2025
Published
2025-12-30

Abstract

Driven by the “dual-carbon” goals and the intensifying global climate-governance agenda, carbon-emission research has evolved into a core interdisciplinary theme. Using a narrative literature-review approach, we map the intellectual trajectory of this field through three lenses: accounting methods, driving factors and mitigation pathways. Methodologically, a dual accounting system has emerged that separately tracks production-based and consumption-based emissions. Factor studies concentrate on the interplay among economic growth, energy structure, technological progress and policy regulation.Mitigation options span energy substitution, industrial upgrading, carbon capture/utilization/storage (CCUS) and other technologies, as well as policy instruments such as carbon markets and carbon taxes; trans-regional cooperative mitigation is gaining momentum. Key gaps remain: micro-level behavioural drivers are poorly understood, cross-scale accounting interfaces are weak, and the quantitative coupling effects of technology-policy packages lag behind. Future work should integrate multiple methods, foster cross-disciplinary collaboration and enhance dynamic simulation to deliver precise mitigation insights.

References

  1. Zou, F., Ma, S., Liu, H., Gao, T., & Li, W. (2024). Do technological innovation and environmental regulation reduce carbon dioxide emissions? Evidence from China. Global NEST Journal, 26(7), 1-15.
  2. Ivanova, D., & Büchs, M. (2022). Implications of shrinking household sizes for meeting the 1.5 C climate targets. Ecological Economics, 202, 107590.
  3. Chau, C. K., Leung, T. M., & Ng, W. Y. (2015). A review on life cycle assessment, life cycle energy assessment and life cycle carbon emissions assessment on buildings. Applied energy, 143, 395-413.
  4. Delmas, R., Lacaux, J. P., & Brocard, D. (1995). Determination of biomass burning emission factors: Methods and results. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 38(2), 181-204.
  5. Bowen, F., & Wittneben, B. (2011). Carbon accounting: Negotiating accuracy, consistency and certainty across organisational fields. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 24(8), 1022-1036.
  6. Yang, S., Zhao, H., Chen, Y., Fu, Z., Sun, C., & Chang, T. (2023). The impact of digital enterprise agglomeration on carbon intensity: a study based on the extended spatial STIRPAT model. Sustainability, 15(12), 9308.
  7. Zhao, M., Tan, L., Zhang, W., Ji, M., Liu, Y., & Yu, L. (2010). Decomposing the influencing factors of industrial carbon emissions in Shanghai using the LMDI method. Energy, 35(6), 2505-2510.
  8. Mi, Z., Zheng, J., Meng, J., Zheng, H., Li, X., Coffman, D. M., Johan Woltjerf, Shouyang Wangb & Guan, D. (2019). Carbon emissions of cities from a consumption-based perspective. Applied Energy, 235, 509-518.
  9. Gao, H., Wang, X., Wu, K., Zheng, Y., Wang, Q., Shi, W., & He, M. (2023). A review of building carbon emission accounting and prediction models. Buildings, 13(7), 1617.
  10. Yona, L., Cashore, B., Jackson, R. B., Ometto, J., & Bradford, M. A. (2020). Refining national greenhouse gas inventories. Ambio, 49(10), 1581-1586.
  11. Lai, K. E., Rahiman, N. A., Othman, N., Ali, K. N., Lim, Y. W., Moayedi, F., & Dzahir, M. A. M. (2023). Quantification process of carbon emissions in the construction industry. Energy and Buildings, 289, 113025.
  12. Zhao, Y., Liu, L., & Yu, M. (2023). Comparison and analysis of carbon emissions of traditional, prefabricated, and green material buildings in materialization stage. Journal of Cleaner Production, 406, 137152.
  13. Wiedmann, T., & Allen, C. (2021). City footprints and SDGs provide untapped potential for assessing city sustainability. Nature Communications, 12(1), 3758.
  14. Peters, G. P., Minx, J. C., Weber, C. L., & Edenhofer, O. (2011). Growth in emission transfers via international trade from 1990 to 2008. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 108(21), 8903-8908.
  15. Meng, B., Peters, G. P., Wang, Z., & Li, M. (2018). Tracing CO2 emissions in global value chains. Energy Economics, 73, 24-42.
  16. Chen, J., Wang, P., Cui, L., Huang, S., & Song, M. (2018). Decomposition and decoupling analysis of CO2 emissions in OECD. Applied energy, 231, 937-950.
  17. Feng, C., Zheng, C. J., & Shan, M. L. (2020). The clarification for the features, temporal variations, and potential factors of global carbon dioxide emissions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 255, 120250.
  18. Wang, J., & Zhang, K. (2014). Convergence of carbon dioxide emissions in different sectors in China. Energy, 65, 605-611.
  19. Chen, J., Xu, C., Cui, L., Huang, S., & Song, M. (2019). Driving factors of CO2 emissions and inequality characteristics in China: a combined decomposition approach. Energy Economics, 78, 589-597.
  20. Li, Y., Zhao, R., Liu, T., & Zhao, J. (2015). Does urbanization lead to more direct and indirect household carbon dioxide emissions? Evidence from China during 1996–2012. Journal of Cleaner Production, 102, 103-114.
  21. Arce, G., López, L. A., & Guan, D. (2016). Carbon emissions embodied in international trade: The post-China era. Applied energy, 184, 1063-1072.
  22. Chen, D., Chen, S., &Jin, H. (2018). Industrial agglomeration and CO2 emissions: Evidence from 187 Chinese prefecture-level cities over 2005–2013. Journal of cleaner production, 172, 993-1003.
  23. Li, L., & Yang, J. (2020). A new method of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions estimation at the provincial-level: A case study of Shandong Province, China. Science of the Total Environment, 700, 134384.
  24. Wood, R., & Dey, C. J. (2009). Australia's carbon footprint. Economic Systems Research, 21(3), 243-266.
  25. Pu, W., & Mi, T. (2016). On estimating transportation energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions from off-shore island tourism—a case study of Haikou City, China. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 7(6), 472-479.
  26. Mongelli, I., Tassielli, G. I. U. S. E. P. P. E., & Notarnicola, B. (2006). Global warming agreements, international trade and energy/carbon embodiments: an input–output approach to the Italian case. Energy policy, 34(1), 88-100.
  27. Barrett, J., Peters, G., Wiedmann, T., Scott, K., Lenzen, M., Roelich, K., & Le Quéré, C. (2013). Consumption-based GHG emission accounting: a UK case study. Climate policy, 13(4), 451-470.
  28. Södersten, C. J., Wood, R., & Wiedmann, T. (2020). The capital load of global material footprints. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 158, 104811.
  29. Kander, A., Jiborn, M., Moran, D. D., & Wiedmann, T. O. (2015). National greenhouse-gas accounting for effective climate policy on international trade. Nature Climate Change, 5(5), 431-435.
  30. Hoekstra, R., & Van den Bergh, J. C. (2003). Comparing structural decomposition analysis and index. Energy economics, 25(1), 39-64.
  31. Ang, B. W., & Choi, K. H. (1997). Decomposition of aggregate energy and gas emission intensities for industry: a refined Divisia index method. The Energy Journal, 18(3), 59-73.
  32. Yang, S., Zhu, S., Deng, G., & Li, H. (2022). Study on influencing factors and spatial effects of carbon emissions based on logarithmic mean Divisia index model: a case study of Hunan province. Sustainability, 14(23), 15868.
  33. Liu, R., Fang, Y. R., Peng, S., Benani, N., Wu, X., Chen, Y.,Wang T.,Chai Q., & Yang, P. (2024). Study on factors influencing carbon dioxide emissions and carbon peak heterogenous pathways in Chinese provinces. Journal of Environmental Management, 365, 121667.
  34. Xu, R., & Lin, B. (2017). Why are there large regional differences in CO2 emissions? Evidence from China's manufacturing industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, 1330-1343.
  35. Moutinho, V., Moreira, A. C., & Silva, P. M. (2015). The driving forces of change in energy-related CO2 emissions in Eastern, Western, Northern and Southern Europe: The LMDI approach to decomposition analysis. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 50, 1485-1499.
  36. Di Sbroiavacca, N., Nadal, G., Lallana, F., Falzon, J., & Calvin, K. (2016). Emissions reduction scenarios in the Argentinean Energy Sector. Energy Economics, 56, 552-563.
  37. Kadian, R., Dahiya, R. P., & Garg, H. P. (2007). Energy-related emissions and mitigation opportunities from the household sector in Delhi. Energy Policy, 35(12), 6195-6211.
  38. Hu, G., Ma, X., & Ji, J. (2019). Scenarios and policies for sustainable urban energy development based on LEAP model–A case study of a postindustrial city: Shenzhen China. Applied Energy, 238, 876-886.
  39. Emodi, N. V., Emodi, C. C., Murthy, G. P., & Emodi, A. S. A. (2017). Energy policy for low carbon development in Nigeria: A LEAP model application. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 68, 247-261.
  40. Tao, Z., Zhao, L., & Changxin, Z. (2011). Research on the prospects of low-carbon economic development in China based on LEAP model. Energy Procedia, 5, 695-699.
  41. Dehdar, F., Silva, N., Fuinhas, J. A., Koengkan, M., & Nazeer, N. (2022). The impact of technology and government policies on OECD carbon dioxide emissions. Energies, 15(22), 8486.
  42. Cheng, M., Wang, J., Yang, S., & Li, Q. (2024). The driving effect of technological innovation on green development: From the perspective of efficiency. Energy Policy, 188, 114089.
  43. You, C., Khattak, S. I., & Ahmad, M. (2024). Impact of innovation in solar photovoltaic energy generation, distribution, or transmission-related technologies on carbon dioxide emissions in China. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(1), 3600-3634.
  44. Wu, A., Ranjan, Y., Sengupta, R., Rangarajan, A., & Ranka, S. (2024, June). A data-driven approach for probabilistic traffic prediction and simulation at signalized intersections. In 2024 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) (pp. 3092-3099). IEEE.
  45. Li, B. (2025). GIS-Integrated Semi-Supervised U-Net for Automated Spatiotemporal Detection and Visualization of Land Encroachment in Protected Areas Using Remote Sensing Imagery.
  46. Gu, Y., & Lukin, S. (2025). Employment Effects of Digital Economy: The Role of SMEs in Bridging Skill Mismatch. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 1(2), 112-118.
  47. Zhang, J., Pan, D., & Gu, Y. (2025). Academic Progress and Trend Analysis of Technological Innovation Management in the Context of Sustainable Development. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 1(1), 111-117.